Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description
Pleura of the Lungs
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy
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Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
Published on: November 10, 2023
1Bristol Academic Respiratory Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, England.
Specialized pleural services are crucial for managing rising pleural disease cases. These services improve patient safety, enhance procedural skills, and reduce healthcare costs by enabling outpatient care.
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