Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
07:52

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Published on: January 29, 2011

16.3K

New Modes of Respiratory Support for the Premature Infant: Automated Control of Inspired Oxygen Concentration

Nelson Claure1, Eduardo Bancalari1

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|November 14, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Extremely premature infants often experience unstable oxygen levels, risking lung and brain damage. Automated oxygen control systems aim to improve arterial oxygen saturation (Spo2) targeting, reducing harmful hyperoxemia and hypoxemia exposure.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • Extremely premature infants frequently exhibit respiratory instability, leading to intermittent hypoxemia.
  • Maintaining target arterial oxygen saturation (Spo2) ranges is challenging, with risks of both hyperoxemia and hypoxemia.
  • Exposure to extreme Spo2 levels is linked to adverse outcomes, including lung damage, eye issues, and neurodevelopmental impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of automated systems in improving SpO2 targeting in extremely premature infants.
  • To reduce the incidence of hyperoxemia and prolonged intermittent hypoxemia in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Development and implementation of automated control systems for inspired oxygen.
  • Monitoring of SpO2 levels and clinical outcomes in extremely premature infants.

Main Results:

  • Automated systems demonstrated improved consistency in maintaining target SpO2 ranges.
  • Reduced exposure to extreme hyperoxemia and prolonged hypoxemia episodes was observed with automated control.

Conclusions:

  • Automated inspired oxygen control systems show promise for enhancing respiratory support in extremely premature infants.
  • These systems may mitigate risks associated with unstable oxygenation, potentially improving long-term outcomes.

Keywords:
AutomatedHyperoxemiaIntermittent hypoxemiaPremature infantSupplemental oxygen

More Related Videos

Delivery of In Vivo Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents to Prime Subventricular Zone-derived Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures05:45

Delivery of In Vivo Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents to Prime Subventricular Zone-derived Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures

Published on: November 2, 2015

7.4K
Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care14:28

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care

Published on: May 10, 2024

1.8K

Related Concept Videos

Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
595
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
4.5K
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
1.1K
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation...
317
Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings01:29

Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings

Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...
1.3K
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
734