Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.6K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.6K
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

10.7K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
10.7K
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

20.6K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
20.6K
Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

8.5K
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
8.5K
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

5.2K
Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
5.2K
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

32.4K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
32.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multinucleation as a recurring evolutionary strategy for scaling and plasticity.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Molecular pathways for learning in the single-cell Stentor coeruleus.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Septin-mediated coupling of protein import and division during chloroplast evolution.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Evolutionary cell biology comes of age.

Journal of cell science·2025
Same author

A geothermal amoeba sets a new upper temperature limit for eukaryotes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Progressive coevolution of the yeast centromere and kinetochore.

Nature·2025
Same journal

Editorial for special issue "When should mathematical models be used in biology".

Seminars in cell & developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Conserved machinery, divergent functions: evolutionary plasticity of the STK36/ULK4 kinase complex in ciliogenesis and signaling.

Seminars in cell & developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Chemical biology tools for studying tissue development.

Seminars in cell & developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Tetrahymena as a model organism for cilia research.

Seminars in cell & developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Emerging Concepts in Cardiovascular Development and Regeneration.

Seminars in cell & developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Endothelial origin of hematopoietic stem cells: Insights from new technologies and unresolved questions.

Seminars in cell & developmental biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation
14:27

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation

Published on: August 8, 2016

8.5K

Nuclear size and shape control.

Helena Cantwell1, Gautam Dey2

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|November 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear size and shape are surprisingly conserved across species, despite variations. Understanding these conserved mechanisms reveals their crucial roles in cell physiology and disease.

Keywords:
Lipid homeostasisNuclear divisionNuclear envelopeNuclear morphologyNuclear remodellingNuclear sizeSize control

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays
06:33

Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays

Published on: June 28, 2024

660
A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
05:47

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

Published on: July 29, 2018

16.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation
14:27

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation

Published on: August 8, 2016

8.5K
Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays
06:33

Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays

Published on: June 28, 2024

660
A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
05:47

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

Published on: July 29, 2018

16.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The cell nucleus exhibits diverse sizes and shapes across species and cell types.
  • Despite this diversity, nuclear size scaling and key shape-determining structural components are highly conserved.
  • Understanding the regulation of nuclear morphology is crucial for cell physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cellular properties and processes controlling nuclear size and shape.
  • To highlight conserved themes and pathways in nuclear morphology across eukaryotes.
  • To outline physiological roles of nuclear morphology and associated disease pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of eukaryotic systems.
  • Comparative analysis of nuclear size and shape regulation.
  • Integration of observations from different biological systems.

Main Results:

  • Identified conserved cellular properties and processes governing nuclear size and shape.
  • Highlighted common themes and pathways in nuclear morphology control across eukaryotes.
  • Outlined physiological functions linked to specific nuclear shapes and diseases linked to aberrant morphology.

Conclusions:

  • A comparative approach is essential for understanding the functional roles of nuclear size and shape.
  • Conserved mechanisms underscore the fundamental importance of nuclear morphology in cell physiology.
  • Further research integrating diverse observations will address open questions in the field.