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Secular polar motion observed by GRACE.

Ki-Weon Seo1, Jae-Seung Kim1, Kookhyoun Youm1

  • 1Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea.

Journal of Geodesy
|November 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) drives polar motion (PM) drift. New methods using GRACE data refine GIA PM estimates, revealing a shift in trend likely due to climate change impacting surface mass loads.

Keywords:
GIAGRACETrue polar wander

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Earth System Science
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Long-term polar motion (PM) drift observed for over a century, with Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) identified as a key driver.
  • Observed PM is influenced by GIA, contemporary climate change, and potentially Earth's interior dynamics, making effect separation challenging due to GIA model scatter.
  • Previous GIA PM trend estimates (1900-1978) indicated a direction of 79.90° W at 3.53 mas/year.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a novel method for estimating GIA-induced polar motion (PM) trends using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission data.
  • To disentangle the contributions of GIA and contemporary surface mass load changes to observed PM.
  • To provide a refined estimate of the GIA PM trend and compare it with historical observations and models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GRACE satellite mission data, specifically changes in degree 2, order 1 spherical harmonic coefficients.
  • Estimated the surface mass load contribution to these coefficients using higher-degree GRACE coefficients, which are primarily influenced by surface loads.
  • Calculated the GIA PM trend by subtracting the estimated surface mass load contribution from the observed PM trend.

Main Results:

  • A new GIA PM trend estimate was derived: direction of 61.77° W at a speed of 2.18 mas/year (6.74 cm/year).
  • This new estimate aligns with the observed PM trend during the early 20th century, suggesting GIA dominance during that period.
  • The results indicate an increasing contribution from contemporary surface mass load redistribution, linked to climate change, in recent PM trends.

Conclusions:

  • The refined GIA PM trend is consistent with the linear mean pole during 1900-2017.
  • The findings support the hypothesis that early 20th-century PM trends were GIA-dominated, with climate change increasingly influencing recent trends.
  • The methodology allows for potential inclusion of other solid Earth processes, like mantle convection, that contribute to PM trends.