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Structural and Functional Deficits in Patients with Poststroke Dementia: A Multimodal MRI Study
Huaying Cai1, Zhiyong Zhao2, Linhui Ni1
1Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Neural Plasticity
|November 15, 2021
Summary
Poststroke dementia (PSD) patients exhibit unique brain changes, including reduced gray matter volume and altered brain activity in specific regions. These findings help differentiate PSD from other cognitive impairments after stroke.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Neurology
- Cognitive Neuroscience
Background:
- Stroke often leads to cognitive impairments, but the brain reorganization patterns in poststroke dementia (PSD) remain unclear.
- Existing neuroimaging studies highlight structural and functional brain abnormalities in cognitive impairment post-stroke.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate alterations in spontaneous brain activity and gray matter volume (GMV) in PSD patients.
- To identify potential neuroimaging biomarkers for distinguishing PSD from non-dementia stroke patients.
Main Methods:
- Collected T1-weighted and resting-state functional MRI data from 20 PSD patients, 24 poststroke nondementia (PSND) patients, and 21 normal controls (NCs).
- Compared GMV and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) across groups.
- Utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify distinguishing features for PSD.
Main Results:
- PSD patients demonstrated significantly smaller GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus and lower fALFF in the right inferior frontal gyrus compared to PSND patients and NCs.
- No significant differences in these measures were found between PSND patients and NCs.
- GMV in the left medial prefrontal cortex correlated positively with Mini-Cog scores in PSD patients, and left CPL GMV showed the highest accuracy in classifying PSD versus PSND.
Conclusions:
- PSD is characterized by distinct structural and functional brain alterations not observed in non-dementia stroke patients.
- These dementia-specific patterns may offer insights into the pathophysiology of PSD.
- Neuroimaging markers, particularly in the left CPL, show potential for diagnosing PSD.
