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Microstructure imaging of prostate cancer by diffusion MRI.

Filip Szczepankiewicz¹, Eleftheria Panagiotaki², Malwina Molendowska³

¹Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. filip.szczepankiewicz@med.lu.se.

Magma (New York, N.Y.)

|June 6, 2026

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Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) offers advanced insights into prostate cancer microstructure. Advanced dMRI techniques show promise for superior diagnostic performance and personalized treatment stratification in prostate cancer.

Area of Science:

Radiology and Oncology
Biomedical Imaging
Cancer Research

Background:

Prostate cancer is a leading global malignancy in men.
Early detection and accurate staging are crucial for effective patient management.
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides non-invasive insights into tissue microstructure.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current state and future directions of dMRI techniques for prostate cancer microstructure imaging.
To discuss technical challenges and advanced dMRI models beyond conventional apparent diffusion coefficient measurements.
To highlight the potential of microstructure MRI in improving prostate cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring.

Main Methods:

Review of advanced dMRI techniques including intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), q-space trajectory imaging (QTI), and time-dependent dMRI.

Keywords:

Apparent diffusion coefficient Biophysical modeling Diffusion MRI Microstructure MRI Precision medicine Prostate cancer Signal representation

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Discussion of specialized models like VERDICT and IMPULSED for quantifying prostatic tissue composition.

Examination of technical challenges in prostate imaging and proposed solutions.

Main Results:

Advanced dMRI models offer superior diagnostic performance compared to conventional measurements.
Microstructure MRI correlates better with tumor aggressiveness.
Techniques like VERDICT and IMPULSED can quantify prostatic tissue composition in clinical settings.

Conclusions:

Microstructure MRI holds transformative potential for prostate cancer diagnostics and treatment.
Key research priorities include high-performance MRI systems, advanced processing, multiparametric integration, and standardized biomarkers.
Further development and standardization are needed for widespread clinical adoption, but current evidence suggests significant advantages.