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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

14.7K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
14.7K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

15.0K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
15.0K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

2.0K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.0K
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

7.9K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
7.9K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.8K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.8K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

4.6K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

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Is There a Histone Code for Cellular Quiescence?

Kenya Bonitto1, Kirthana Sarathy1, Kaiser Atai1,2,3

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|November 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular quiescence, a temporary non-dividing state, is vital for tissue repair and stem cell maintenance. Histone modifications play a key role in regulating this process, potentially through a "histone code".

Keywords:
histone acetylationhistone codehistone methylationhistone post translational modificationmetabolismquiescence

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Isolation of Quiescent Stem Cell Populations from Individual Skeletal Muscles
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Isolation of Quiescent Stem Cell Populations from Individual Skeletal Muscles
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Isolation of Quiescent Stem Cell Populations from Individual Skeletal Muscles

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Quiescent cells temporarily cease division but can re-enter the cell cycle.
  • Transitions into and out of quiescence are critical for wound healing, stem cell maintenance, and immune responses.
  • Transcriptional, epigenetic, and chromosomal changes accompany these cell state transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the role of histone modifications in regulating quiescence entry and exit.
  • To explore the concept of a "histone code" in modulating cell state during quiescence.
  • To identify key histone marks, their regulators (writers, erasers, readers), and their contribution to quiescence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on histone modifications in quiescent cells.
  • Analysis of data from various model systems of quiescence.
  • Examination of specific histone marks, their associated enzymes, and their functional impact.

Main Results:

  • Consistent changes in histone modifications are associated with cellular quiescence.
  • Histone marks influence chromatin structure, gene expression, and chromosome organization during quiescence.
  • Evidence suggests a potential role for a "histone code" in relaying signals for cell state modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Histone modifications are integral to the regulation of cellular quiescence.
  • A "histone code" may provide a mechanism for interpreting and responding to signals that control cell cycle entry/exit.
  • Emerging technologies offer new avenues for investigating the histone code in quiescence.