Efferocytosis in multisystem diseases (Review).

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Immunology
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Efferocytosis, the engulfment of apoptotic cells by phagocytes, is crucial for tissue homeostasis and preventing inflammation.
• Defective efferocytosis leads to secondary necrosis, chronic inflammation, and impaired cholesterol transport.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms of efferocytosis in maintaining organismal homeostasis.
• To explore the pathophysiological consequences of impaired efferocytosis in multisystem diseases.
• To highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting efferocytosis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of efferocytosis mechanisms.
• Analysis of efferocytosis' role in various diseases.
• Identification of drugs and treatments enhancing efferocytosis.

Main Results:

• Effective efferocytosis prevents secondary necrosis, resolves inflammation, and promotes self-tolerance.
• Impaired efferocytosis is linked to atherosclerosis, liver disease, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune disorders.
• Cancer cells can evade efferocytosis, contributing to tumor progression.

Conclusions:

• Efferocytosis is a fundamental process for health and disease prevention.
• Defects in efferocytosis underlie numerous pathologies, underscoring its clinical significance.
• Enhancing efferocytosis presents a promising therapeutic avenue for diverse diseases.