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RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Droplet Barcoding-Based Single Cell Transcriptomics of Adult Mammalian Tissues

Droplet Barcoding-Based Single Cell Transcriptomics of Adult Mammalian Tissues

Published on: January 10, 2019

From bulk, single-cell to spatial RNA sequencing.

Xinmin Li¹, Cun-Yu Wang^2,3

¹UCLA Technology Center for Genomics & Bioinformatics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. xinminli@mednet.ucla.edu.

International Journal of Oral Science

|November 16, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

RNA sequencing technologies, including bulk, single-cell, and spatial RNAseq, offer comprehensive genetic insights beyond DNA sequencing. These advancements are crucial for understanding gene expression and driving precision oncology.

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Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Droplet Barcoding-Based Single Cell Transcriptomics of Adult Mammalian Tissues

Droplet Barcoding-Based Single Cell Transcriptomics of Adult Mammalian Tissues

Published on: January 10, 2019

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Isolation of Adult Spinal Cord Nuclei for Massively Parallel Single-nucleus RNA Sequencing

Isolation of Adult Spinal Cord Nuclei for Massively Parallel Single-nucleus RNA Sequencing

Published on: October 12, 2018

Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Bioinformatics

Background:

RNA sequencing (RNAseq) provides a comprehensive genetic profile, detecting gene fusions, splicing variants, and mutations, surpassing DNA sequencing.
RNA sequencing has evolved from bulk RNAseq to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and spatial RNA sequencing (spRNAseq).

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the evolution and characteristic features of different RNA sequencing technologies.
To discuss the suitable applications of these RNA sequencing methods in precision oncology.

Main Methods:

Review of bulk RNA sequencing for average global gene expression analysis.
Overview of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) for analyzing individual cell RNA biology.
Introduction to spatial RNA sequencing (spRNAseq) for dissecting RNA activities within their spatial context.

Main Results:

RNA sequencing offers a more complete genetic picture than DNA sequencing by revealing gene fusions, splicing variants, and mutations.
Each RNA sequencing type (bulk, scRNAseq, spRNAseq) provides distinct advantages for different research questions.
Spatial RNA sequencing represents a significant advancement, enabling spatially resolved transcriptomic analysis.

Conclusions:

RNA sequencing technologies are indispensable tools in modern genomics.
The diverse applications of RNA sequencing, particularly in precision oncology, are expanding.
Spatial RNA sequencing is poised to become a cornerstone of next-generation molecular profiling.