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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
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Tumor-associated macrophages in osteosarcoma.

Yi Zhao1, Benzheng Zhang2, Qianqian Zhang3

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China.

Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B
|November 16, 2021
PubMed
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Osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment, particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), plays a dual role in cancer progression and metastasis. Understanding TAMs is crucial for developing effective osteosarcoma immunotherapies.

Keywords:
OsteosarcomaTumor microenvironmentTumor-associated macrophage

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prevalent primary bone cancer in pediatric and adolescent populations.
  • Advanced OS with metastasis presents a poor prognosis, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences OS growth and spread, with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) being key immune components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of TAMs in osteosarcoma (OS) development.
  • To summarize current findings on TAMs in the OS tumor microenvironment.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting TAMs for OS treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the immunological and cellular functions of TAMs in OS.
  • Analysis of studies investigating TAMs' impact on OS growth, angiogenesis, and stem cell phenotype.
  • Examination of research on TAMs' role in OS metastasis and immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • TAMs in OS promote tumor growth and angiogenesis.
  • TAMs can upregulate the cancer stem cell-like phenotype in OS.
  • Conversely, TAMs have been observed to inhibit OS metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • TAMs exhibit complex and often contradictory roles in osteosarcoma progression.
  • Targeting TAMs presents a promising avenue for novel osteosarcoma immunotherapies.
  • Further research into TAM mechanisms is essential for optimizing OS treatment strategies.