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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice

Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice

Published on: August 2, 2024

Orthodontic root resorption.

Glenn T Sameshima¹, Alejandro Iglesias-Linares²

¹Advanced Orthodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA.

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists

|November 17, 2021

Summary

External apical root resorption (EARR), a common side effect of orthodontic treatment, is influenced by various patient and treatment factors. Further research is needed to fully understand and predict EARR risks.

Keywords:

Clinical management Etiology External apical root resorption Genetics Long-term effects Position paper Tooth movement

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Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

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Published on: July 21, 2023

Area of Science:

Orthodontics
Dental Research
Biomaterials

Background:

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a frequent iatrogenic complication of orthodontic tooth movement.
Current scientific evidence lacks robust data on the clinical and biological triggers of EARR.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current understanding of EARR caused by orthodontic tooth movement.
To provide clinicians and researchers with evidence-based insights into EARR.

Main Methods:

Review of up-to-date scientific evidence on EARR.
Analysis of morphological, structural, biomechanical, and biological factors predisposing to EARR.
Discussion of patient-related (genetics, anatomy, demographics, malocclusion, endodontic history, medical history, short root anomaly) and treatment-related factors (biomechanics, appliance type, adjunctive therapies, treatment timing, expansion, extractions, duration, displacement).

Main Results:

The apical third of the root is more susceptible to EARR due to specific differences.
Numerous patient and treatment factors significantly increase the risk of EARR.
Clinical management strategies from pre-treatment to post-treatment monitoring are presented.

Conclusions:

Despite extensive study, EARR mechanisms are not fully understood.
Future advancements include high-resolution 3D imaging and non-radiographic predictive tools for early EARR detection.