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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

Published on: October 18, 2022

Two-input protein logic gate for computation in living cells.

Yashavantha L Vishweshwaraiah¹, Jiaxing Chen¹, Venkat R Chirasani¹

¹Departments of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA.

Nature Communications

|November 17, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists engineered a single protein to act as a two-input OR logic gate, controlling cellular behavior. This breakthrough in protein design enables complex nanoscale programming for advanced molecular computing applications.

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Published on: February 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Nanotechnology

Background:

Protein design is advancing towards creating nanoscale programming languages where molecules function as logic gates.
Developing molecular computing agents requires precise control over protein conformational states and their interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer a single protein capable of functioning as a two-input logic OR gate.
To demonstrate orthogonal chemo- and optogenetic control over protein function for nanoscale computing.

Main Methods:

Engineered a focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein retaining its domain architecture.
Incorporated a rapamycin-inducible uniRapR module and a light-inducible LOV2 module for external control.
Utilized chemo- and optogenetic switches for orthogonal regulation of FAK activity.

Main Results:

The engineered FAK protein successfully functioned as a two-input logic OR gate.
Demonstrated precise, orthogonal control over protein function using chemical and light stimuli.
Observed that dynamic FAK activation increased cell complexity in fibrous extracellular matrix and decreased cell motility.

Conclusions:

This study provides a proof-of-principle for multimodal control of protein function.
The engineered protein serves as a foundational element for constructing complex nanoscale computing agents.
This work advances the development of molecular programming languages and nanoscale computation.