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Related Concept Videos

Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

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Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System01:29

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The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
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Wearables for the Next Pandemic.

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Wearable sensors for monitoring common pandemic symptoms like fever and blood oxygen can reduce healthcare burdens. Developing low-cost, portable multi-modal sensors is key for future pandemic preparedness.

Keywords:
BioimpedanceCOVID-19circuits and systemsinfluenzapandemicpulse oximetrysensorstemperature sensorwearable devices

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Health Informatics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed healthcare systems globally.
  • Past pandemics highlight the need for continuous health monitoring.
  • Wearable sensors offer a solution to alleviate healthcare system loads.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the state-of-the-art in wearable sensors for pandemic symptom monitoring.
  • To identify challenges and requirements for integrated wearable sensing systems.
  • To examine sensor modalities for early detection and management of common pandemic symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of current wearable sensor technologies and medically approved devices.
  • Critical examination of sensor performance characteristics (accuracy, power, resolution, size).
  • Analysis of electronic requirements for integrated wearable sensing systems.

Main Results:

  • Identified key wearable sensor types: temperature, pulse oximetry, impedance sensors.
  • Evaluated performance metrics of various sensor modalities.
  • Discussed research challenges and ideal features for integrated wearable systems.

Conclusions:

  • Affordable, low-power, portable multi-modal wearable sensors are crucial for pandemic preparedness.
  • Integrated wearable systems connected to smartphones can aid remote patient monitoring.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in developing ideal integrated wearable systems.