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A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

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Rapid and persistent decrease in brain tissue oxygenation in ovine gram-negative sepsis.

Nobuki Okazaki^1,2, Yugeesh R Lankadeva¹, Rachel M Peiris¹

¹Preclinical Critical Care Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

|November 17, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Critical illness can impair brain function due to unclear changes in blood flow and oxygen. This study shows sepsis significantly reduces brain oxygen levels in sheep, potentially causing lethargy.

Keywords:

acute kidney injury cerebral oxygenation cerebral perfusion hypoxia sepsis

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Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Published on: May 16, 2015

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs

Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs

Published on: May 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Physiology
Critical Care Medicine
Neuroscience

Background:

Brain dysfunction in critical illness is poorly understood due to measurement limitations.
Cerebral perfusion and oxygenation changes are implicated in critical illness-related brain dysfunction.
Lack of reliable methods hinders the study of brain variables during critical illness.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and utilize a novel technique for chronic measurement of cerebral perfusion and oxygen tension in unanesthetized animals.
To investigate the dynamic changes in cerebral perfusion and oxygen partial pressure (Po2) during the development of ovine sepsis.
To correlate physiological changes during sepsis with alterations in brain oxygenation.

Main Methods:

Developed a chronic measurement technique using fiber-optic probes in unanesthetized sheep.
Implanted probes in brain, renal cortex, and medulla to measure tissue perfusion, Po2, and temperature.
Induced hyperdynamic sepsis by infusing live Escherichia coli for 24 hours, monitoring hemodynamic and tissue variables.

Main Results:

Sepsis induced hyperdynamic circulation with decreased mean arterial pressure and increased cardiac output.
A significant and sustained decrease in cerebral tissue Po2 was observed within 3 hours of sepsis onset.
Renal medullary perfusion and Po2 were significantly reduced, while the renal cortex remained unaffected.

Conclusions:

Ovine sepsis leads to an early and persistent decrease in cerebral Po2, independent of significant changes in cerebral perfusion.
Cerebral hypoxia is a likely contributor to sepsis-induced malaise and lethargy.
The developed technique enables chronic monitoring of brain variables in vivo during critical illness.