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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...

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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

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Implantable and Degradable Thermoplastic Elastomer.

Allison Siehr¹, Craig Flory², Trenton Callaway¹

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church St. SE, 7-105 Nils Hasselmo Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering

|November 17, 2021

Summary

A new thermoplastic elastomer, poly(lactide)-co-poly(β-methyl-δ-valerolactone)-co-poly(lactide) (PLA-PβMδVL-PLA), offers excellent elasticity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility for biomedical uses.

Keywords:

biocompatibility biodegradability elastomeric biomaterials implantable materials mechanical properties

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Biodegradable and elastomeric materials are crucial for biomedical applications.
Existing materials often present limitations in balancing elasticity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a novel thermoplastic triblock poly(α-ester), PLA-PβMδVL-PLA.
To evaluate its elastomeric properties, biodegradability, and in vitro/in vivo biocompatibility.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of PLA-PβMδVL-PLA triblock copolymer.
Mechanical testing (elongation at break, recovery).
In vitro and in vivo degradation studies.
Cytotoxicity assays.
Histopathological analysis of implanted specimens in rats.

Main Results:

PLA-PβMδVL-PLA exhibits excellent elasticity (approx. 1000% elongation at break) and shape recovery.
The material demonstrates tunable biodegradability in vitro and in vivo, degrading slower than poly(glycerol sebacate) but faster than poly(caprolactone) in vivo.
High cytocompatibility of the polymer and its degradation products was observed.
Histopathology revealed favorable tissue response comparable to established implantable polymers like poly(glycerol sebacate) and poly(caprolactone).
Thermoplastic processing enabled facile fabrication of topographical substrates for cell alignment.

Conclusions:

PLA-PβMδVL-PLA is a promising biodegradable elastomer with excellent mechanical and biocompatibility properties.
Its tunable degradation and processability make it suitable for advanced biomedical applications.
This material holds potential for use in medical devices and tissue engineering scaffolds.