Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

470
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
470
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

442
Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
442
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

1.8K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
1.8K
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

205
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
205
Non-Verbal Cues01:29

Non-Verbal Cues

33
Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...
33
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

329
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
329

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Precision of Tongue Control for Task-Relevant Articulatory Goals Diminishes Without Real-Time Auditory Feedback.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2026
Same author

How auditory development affects language acquisition: Influences of socioeconomic status and gestational age at birth.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Poor Spectral Modulation Sensitivity Disrupts Development of Phonological Sensitivity: Evidence From Children With Histories of Chronic Otitis Media.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2025
Same author

Generalization of Interarticulator Timing Control: Evidence From Tongue-Jaw and Lip-Jaw Kinematics Using Electromagnetic Articulography.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2024
Same author

How Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implantation Affect Verbal Working Memory: Evidence From Adolescents.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2024
Same author

Asynchronies in Auditory and Language Development Obscure Connections to Phonological Deficits in Children.

American journal of audiology·2023
Same journal

Age-Related Maturation of Antiphasic Arabic Digits-in-Noise Thresholds in Children.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2026
Same journal

Case Studies of Auditory Processing Assessment and Management for Veterans.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2026
Same journal

Effect of Acupuncture Combined With Computer-Assisted Cognitive Training on Language and Cognitive Functions in Poststroke Aphasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2026
Same journal

Understanding How Older Adults Comprehend Simple Comparative Sentences in a Predicate-Final Language.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2026
Same journal

Perception of Synthesized Mandarin Speech Based on a Large-Scale Language Model Among Deaf Adults With Cochlear Implants.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2026
Same journal

Measurement Variability of Peak Flow: A Laboratory Experiment Comparing Cough Testing Equipment.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

2.5K

Beyond Recognition: Visual Contributions to Verbal Working Memory.

Susan Nittrouer1, Joanna H Lowenstein1

  • 1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|November 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding visual cues like lipreading to degraded audio speech significantly improves working memory recall accuracy. This visual information enhances auditory processing, especially for non-native or unclear sounds, benefiting those with hearing impairments.

More Related Videos

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.4K
Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

15.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

2.5K
Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.4K
Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

15.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Auditory Perception
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual speech information enhances auditory speech recognition, particularly with degraded acoustic signals.
  • The impact of visual cues on post-recognition processes, such as working memory, remains less understood.
  • Working memory plays a crucial role in integrating and retaining information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between auditory and visual speech codes within working memory.
  • To determine how visual signals influence post-recognition processes in auditory perception.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which visual information affects memory recall.

Main Methods:

  • An immediate serial recall paradigm was employed with 80 young adults with normal hearing.
  • Stimuli included unprocessed speech, vocoded speech, and environmental sounds under audio-only, audio-video (dynamic visual), and audio-picture (static visual) conditions.
  • Dependent measures included recency effect magnitude, recall accuracy, and response times to assess cognitive effort.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic visual signals (lipreading) were crucial for maintaining the recency effect with vocoded speech.
  • Both dynamic and static visual signals improved overall recall accuracy, with greater benefits for degraded speech and environmental sounds.
  • Visual signals generally reduced cognitive load, except when dynamic visuals were paired with environmental sounds.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory and visual signals synergistically enhance working memory, with distinct contributions for phonological and non-phonological information.
  • Visual information processing can significantly support post-recognition functions, offering potential benefits for individuals with hearing loss.
  • Lipreading specifically enhances the phonological quality of processed auditory stimuli in working memory.