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Related Concept Videos

Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

246
In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Regulation of Water Intake01:25

Regulation of Water Intake

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Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
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Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

208
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
208
Regulation of Water Output01:26

Regulation of Water Output

1.2K
The human body predominantly expels water through the urinary system. On average, an individual generates around 1.5 liters of urine each day. This amount can fluctuate based on how well a person is hydrated, but a critical minimum quantity of urine must be produced to ensure the body's proper functioning. Daily, the kidneys remove 600 to 1200 milliosmoles of dissolved substances, effectively excreting excess minerals and water-soluble toxins such as creatinine, urea, and uric acid from the...
1.2K
Water and Mineral Acquisition02:34

Water and Mineral Acquisition

33.9K
Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
33.9K
Formation of Concentrated Urine01:23

Formation of Concentrated Urine

2.2K
There is a gradient of solutes in the interstitial fluid from the renal cortex through the medulla, known as the medullary osmotic gradient. The juxtamedullary nephrons establish and maintain this gradient using countercurrent mechanisms with loops extending deep into the medulla. These nephrons also use countercurrent mechanisms to regulate urine volume and concentration. The interaction between the descending and ascending limbs of the nephron loop creates an osmotic gradient through...
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Construction of a Low-cost Mobile Incubator for Field and Laboratory Use
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Urban drinking water security in Gujarat.

Meera Mehta1, Dinesh Mehta1, Jaladhi Vavaliya1

  • 1Centre for Water and Sanitation, CRDF, CEPT University, Ahmedabad, India.

Journal of Social and Economic Development
|November 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Gujarat

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Urban Planning
  • Public Policy

Background:

  • Gujarat has invested heavily in urban infrastructure and water supply grids to achieve water security.
  • Recognized urban areas as 'engines of growth' since 2005, leading to significant infrastructure development.
  • State-wide water supply grid transfers water from perennial sources to water-scarce regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of Gujarat's urban water supply schemes.
  • To analyze urban drinking water supply based on equity, service quality, and financial sustainability.
  • To identify key intervention areas for improving water supply services.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the performance assessment system (PAS) for urban services in India.
Keywords:
Performance assessmentUrban developmentWater and sanitationWater security

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  • Utilized annual information on water service delivery in all Gujarat urban areas from 2010.
  • Assessed urban drinking water supply across equity, service quality, and financial sustainability.

    • Main Results:

    • While household access to municipal water supply has improved, overall service levels have not.
    • The study highlights a need to focus on monitoring, operation, maintenance, and efficiency alongside infrastructure.
    • Identified key intervention areas for enhancing accountability, efficiency, and equity in water delivery.

    Conclusions:

    • Infrastructure development alone is insufficient for improved urban water supply.
    • Continuous monitoring, effective operation and maintenance, and efficiency improvements are crucial.
    • Targeted interventions are needed to ensure equitable, high-quality, and financially sustainable water services.