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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Polygenic risk score with KLK3 SNP-SNP interaction pairs for predicting prostate cancer aggressiveness.

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Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
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Updates in Prostate Cancer Research and Screening in Men at Genetically Higher Risk.

Elizabeth K Bancroft1,2, Holly Ni Raghallaigh1,2, Elizabeth C Page1,2

  • 1Urology Genetics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK.

Current Genetic Medicine Reports
|November 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic screening identifies men at higher risk for prostate cancer (PrCa), improving early detection and targeted treatments. Research is exploring polygenic risk scores and ethnicity-based screening for personalized PrCa management.

Keywords:
Family historyGenetic predispositionGenetic variantsPolygenic risk scoreProstate cancerProstate cancer screening

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PrCa) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in men.
  • Current prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has limitations, necessitating identification of higher-risk groups.
  • Established PrCa risk factors include age, ethnicity, and family history, with genetic factors playing a significant role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on genetic predisposition to PrCa.
  • To summarize genomics-based screening strategies for identifying high-risk individuals.
  • To evaluate the role of germline genetics in diagnosing lethal PrCa and guiding targeted treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on PrCa genetic risk factors and screening studies.
  • Analysis of the utility of rare germline variants and polygenic risk scores (PRS).
  • Evaluation of screening approaches in ethnically diverse populations, such as men of Black Afro-Caribbean descent.

Main Results:

  • Rare germline variants moderately increase PrCa risk, aiding in detecting clinically significant disease.
  • Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are under investigation for personalized risk assessment.
  • Germline genetic predisposition is identified in approximately 10% of men with advanced PrCa, enabling precision treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic integration into PrCa screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways is becoming standard practice.
  • Genomics allows for targeted screening of high-risk populations.
  • Germline genetics is crucial for identifying lethal PrCa and selecting targeted therapies for advanced disease.