Oral Immune-Related Adverse Events - Current Concepts and their Management.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Oral Medicine

Background:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, improving survival rates in various malignancies.
• ICIs target pathways like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1.
• Adverse effects, known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), are common with ICI therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current literature on oral adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
• To highlight the importance of early identification and management of oral irAEs.
• To provide a concise overview of oral irAEs and their therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive computerized database search was conducted.
• Databases searched included PubMed and Google Scholar.
• Data on oral adverse effects of ICIs were systematically collected and reviewed.

Main Results:

• Information specifically detailing oral reactions to ICIs is limited in existing literature.
• Oral irAEs represent a significant, yet underreported, aspect of ICI therapy.
• Early detection and appropriate management strategies are essential for mitigating oral irAEs.

Conclusions:

• Oral immune-related adverse events are a notable consequence of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
• Prompt recognition and intervention for oral irAEs can significantly enhance patient quality of life.
• Further research and clinical focus on managing oral irAEs are warranted.