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Evaluation of Blast Simulation Methods for Modeling Blast Wave Interaction With Human Head.

Sunil Sutar1, Shailesh Ganpule1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
|November 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Finite element analysis for blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) requires careful method selection. The coupling method accurately predicts head biomechanics across various head models, unlike ConWep, which is sensitive to head curvature.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Computational modeling
  • Traumatic Brain Injury

Background:

  • Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a significant concern in modern warfare.
  • Finite element analysis (FEA) is a key tool for simulating blast wave interactions with the head.
  • Existing simulation methods include ConWep-based pure Lagrangian and Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of ConWep and coupling methods for predicting head biomechanical responses to blast loads.
  • To compare simulation results with experimental data across different head surrogate geometries.
  • To guide the selection of appropriate modeling methodologies in the bTBI research community.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated blast wave interactions with simplified (cylindrical, spherical) and biofidelic human head models.
  • Employed ConWep and coupling finite element analysis methods.
  • Quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated reflected overpressures and internal brain pressures against experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Both ConWep and coupling methods captured overall experimental trends.
  • ConWep accuracy was dependent on the head surrogate's radius of curvature; it struggled with smaller radii (cylindrical/spherical) but performed reasonably with larger radii (biofidelic head).
  • The coupling method accurately predicted reflected overpressure-time histories for all head surrogates and uniquely captured shock wave phenomena influenced by head geometry.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of blast simulation method significantly impacts the accuracy of bTBI biomechanical predictions.
  • The coupling method offers superior accuracy and geometric fidelity compared to ConWep, especially for complex blast wave interactions.
  • Findings aid researchers in selecting objective-driven modeling strategies for bTBI simulation.