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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: A 3-year prospective multicenter study.

Friedemann Paul1, Peter A Calabresi2, Frederik Barkhof3,4

  • 1NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
|November 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) detects retinal thinning in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, correlating with brain atrophy. This sensitive method shows potential for monitoring neurodegeneration in early MS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease.
  • Neurodegeneration in MS affects both the brain and the retina.
  • Early detection of neuroaxonal loss is crucial for managing MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess 3-year changes in inner retinal layer thickness (pRNFL and mGCIPL) in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients versus controls.
  • To determine if OCT can detect subtle, progressive neuroaxonal loss.
  • To correlate retinal changes with brain volume changes and disability progression (EDSS).

Main Methods:

  • 333 RRMS patients and 64 healthy controls underwent OCT scans over 3 years.
  • Heidelberg Spectralis machines were used for high-reproducibility OCT measurements.
  • Brain volume and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were also monitored.

Main Results:

  • Significant thinning of pRNFL (-1.86 µm) and mGCIPL (-2.03 µm) was observed in MS patients over 3 years (p<0.0001).
  • Greater retinal atrophy occurred in early RRMS (<3 years).
  • Brain volume decreased more in MS patients (1.3%) than controls (0.5%), with mGCIPL atrophy correlating with brain atrophy (p<0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • OCT is a reproducible tool for detecting progressive retinal neurodegeneration in MS.
  • Retinal layer thinning correlates with brain atrophy, particularly in early disease.
  • While OCT shows potential for monitoring neurodegeneration, it did not correlate with disability progression in this study.