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Cognitive Dysfunction, Psychiatric Distress, and Functional Decline After COVID-19
Tracy D Vannorsdall1, Emily Brigham2, Ashraf Fawzy2
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry
|November 18, 2021
Summary
Post-COVID-19 cognitive and psychiatric issues are common, especially in diverse populations. Intensive care unit (ICU) survivors experienced more severe cognitive impairment four months after infection.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Limited understanding of long-term cognitive and psychiatric effects of COVID-19.
- Particular need to study these effects in racially and ethnically diverse patient groups.
Purpose of the Study:
- To prospectively assess cognition, mental health, and functioning in a diverse COVID-19 patient cohort.
- To characterize these sequelae approximately four months post-diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- Telephone-based clinical assessment of 82 diverse COVID-19 survivors.
- Evaluated cognition, depression, anxiety, trauma, and function.
- Compared outcomes based on acute illness severity (ICU vs. non-ICU).
Main Results:
- 67% of patients had impaired cognitive scores; processing speed and verbal fluency were most affected.
- 35% experienced moderate depression, anxiety, or functional decline.
- ICU patients showed greater cognitive impairment; 25% reported trauma-related distress.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive dysfunction, emotional distress, and functional decline are prevalent post-COVID-19 in diverse survivors.
- ICU admission correlates with more severe cognitive deficits.
- Highlights the need for longitudinal monitoring of neuropsychiatric outcomes in all COVID-19 survivors.
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