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Neurocysticercosis in Children.
Montida Veeravigrom1, Lunliya Thampratankul2
1Section of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago Biological Sciences, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Room C-526, MC 3055, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Pediatric Clinics of North America
|November 19, 2021
Summary
Neurocysticercosis, a common parasitic brain infection in children, often presents as seizures. Early diagnosis and symptom management are key to effective treatment.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Neurocysticercosis is a prevalent parasitic infection affecting the central nervous system, particularly in pediatric populations.
- While seizures are the most common presentation, diverse neurological symptoms can occur, including increased intracranial pressure and cognitive deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for neurocysticercosis in children.
- To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and critical symptom management in pediatric neurocysticercosis.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical history and physical examination findings.
- Analysis of neuroimaging (e.g., MRI, CT scans) and immunologic studies.
- Assessment of current therapeutic guidelines for symptom control.
Main Results:
- New-onset focal seizures are the most frequent clinical manifestation in children.
- Other potential symptoms include increased intracranial pressure, meningoencephalitis, spinal cord syndrome, and visual impairment.
- Advanced neuroimaging and serological tests improve diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusions:
- Neurocysticercosis diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and integrated clinical, imaging, and immunological data.
- Management prioritizes addressing critical symptoms, utilizing antiepileptic drugs and interventions for elevated intracranial pressure.
