Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Personal Identity01:25

Personal Identity

37
Personal identity is the deeply felt sense of self that individuals cultivate over time, intricately woven from intrinsic qualities they consider essential to their existence—qualities such as morality, intelligence, and friendliness. These attributes serve as vital internal benchmarks, guiding individuals in evaluating whether their actions resonate with their true selves.When personal identity takes center stage in one's life, individuals often emphasize their distinctiveness,...
37
Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

33.2K
In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
33.2K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.0K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.0K
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

65
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
65
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

2.3K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
2.3K
Second Uniqueness Theorem01:16

Second Uniqueness Theorem

1.2K
Consider a region consisting of several individual conductors with a definite charge density in the region between these conductors. The second uniqueness theorem states that if the total charge on each conductor and the charge density in the in-between region are known, then the electric field can be uniquely determined.
In contrast, consider that the electric field is non-unique and apply Gauss's law in divergence form in the region between the conductors and the integral form to the...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

The cognitive foundations of children's culture.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Let the kids play: Children's folklore, Newell's paradox, and the triviality barrier.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Variable cultural acquisition costs may explain contextual variation in peer cultures.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

What's special about peer cultures? The opportunity for disagreement.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

The adaptive role of peer culture is shaped by risk landscapes.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Hidden cultures: How parental control shapes children's cultural adaptation in East Asian societies.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

710

The distinctive character of knowledge.

Jennifer Nagel1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaM5R 2M8. jennifer.nagel@utoronto.ca; http://individual.utoronto.ca/jnagel/.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|November 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Knowledge, defined as true belief, complicates explaining actions. A new characterization of knowledge simplifies this, offering insights into the distinct nature of social learning.

More Related Videos

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.0K
Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

5.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

710
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.0K
Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

5.1K

Area of Science:

  • Epistemology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Knowledge is commonly defined as justified true belief.
  • Distinguishing actions driven by knowledge versus mere true belief presents a challenge.
  • Understanding the cognitive underpinnings of action is crucial in various scientific domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a simpler and more radical characterization of knowledge.
  • To resolve the difficulty in explaining actions attributed to knowledge versus true belief.
  • To illuminate the unique aspects of social learning through a revised understanding of knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of epistemological definitions.
  • Philosophical argumentation regarding the nature of knowledge.
  • Exploration of cognitive and behavioral distinctions between knowledge and true belief.

Main Results:

  • A revised characterization of knowledge simplifies the explanation of action-drivers.
  • The proposed framework offers a clearer distinction between knowledge and true belief.
  • New perspectives are provided on the cognitive mechanisms underlying social learning.

Conclusions:

  • A simpler definition of knowledge can effectively explain action attribution.
  • This revised understanding enhances our comprehension of social learning mechanisms.
  • The study contributes to a more nuanced view of cognition and behavior.