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Inter observer errors of cast-off stains using FARO zone 3D.

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  • 1ai2-3D Forensics, 271 Jevlan Drive, Unit 14, Vaughan, ON L4L 8A4, Canada.

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|November 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The Path Volume Envelope (PVE) software can estimate bloodstain patterns. A ±15 cm width adequately contained results from analysts evaluating a simple cast-off pattern, suggesting its utility in crime scene reconstruction.

Keywords:
Bloodstain pattern analysisCast-off stainsFZ3DLaser scannerLaser scanning

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Computational Geometry

Background:

  • The Path Volume Envelope (PVE) is crucial for reconstructing bloodstain patterns.
  • FARO Zone 3D software calculates PVE, but its accuracy with human-generated cast-off patterns lacks validation.
  • No studies have assessed inter-analyst variability in PVE calculations for simple cast-off patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of the Path Volume Envelope (PVE) calculation using FARO Zone 3D software.
  • To assess inter-analyst variability in determining the PVE for a simple, human-generated cast-off bloodstain pattern.
  • To establish the reliability of PVE in forensic casework.

Main Methods:

  • Seventeen participants analyzed a single cast-off pattern created by a wooden dowel rod.
  • The "weapon's" motion was captured in 3D but concealed from participants.
  • FARO Zone 3D software was used to calculate the PVE for each participant's analysis.

Main Results:

  • A maximum PVE width of ±15 cm encompassed all participant results.
  • The PVE center showed standard deviations of 0.1 cm (X), 5.1 cm (Y), and 9.9 cm (Z).
  • Rotational deviations for the PVE were 2.6° (yaw) and 1° (pitch).

Conclusions:

  • A ±15 cm PVE width is a reasonable estimate for simple cast-off patterns in forensic investigations.
  • The PVE method shows potential for determining the origin of impact in crime scenes.
  • PVE accuracy may vary with pattern complexity and the nature of the "weapon" used.