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Antibiotic Resistance in Paediatric Febrile Urinary Tract Infections

Susanna Esposito1, Giacomo Biasucci2, Andrea Pasini3

  • 1Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
|November 21, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are common serious bacterial illnesses. Rising antibiotic resistance necessitates careful antibiotic selection and stewardship to ensure effective treatment and prevent complications.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Antimicrobial resistance
  • Clinical microbiology

Background:

  • Febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent cause of serious bacterial illness in young children.
  • Untreated or inadequately treated UTIs can lead to irreversible renal damage and chronic renal insufficiency.
  • Increasing antibiotic resistance among UTI pathogens complicates treatment decisions and necessitates updated therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging problem of antibiotic resistance in pediatric febrile UTIs.
  • To discuss potential solutions for ensuring effective antibiotic therapy in this population.
  • To highlight the importance of antibiotic stewardship in combating resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature analysis of emerging antibiotic resistance patterns in pediatric UTI pathogens.
  • Review of current recommendations and challenges in empiric antibiotic therapy.
  • Discussion of strategies to reduce and rationalize antibiotic consumption.

Main Results:

  • Antibiotic resistance among UTI pathogens is a growing concern, rendering treatment guidelines rapidly outdated.
  • Pathogen susceptibility to antibiotics varies, impacting the choice of effective therapy.
  • The emergence of antibiotic resistance is closely linked to antibiotic usage.

Conclusions:

  • Early and effective antibiotic treatment is crucial to prevent renal damage and other complications in pediatric UTIs.
  • Reducing and rationalizing antibiotic consumption through antibiotic stewardship is essential to limit the emergence of resistance.
  • Identifying children at high risk for difficult-to-treat UTIs can improve therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
ESBLantibiotic resistanceantibiotic stewardshippaediatricsurinary tract infection

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