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Brain Mass (Energy) Resistant to Hyperglycaemic Oversupply: A Systematic Review
Marie Sprengell1, Britta Kubera1, Achim Peters1
1Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Medical Clinic 1, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
The Selfish-Brain theory, which posits the brain actively regulates its energy, was supported by a systematic review. Experimental type 1 diabetes caused significant blood glucose changes but minimal brain energy alterations, refuting passive supply theories.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Metabolic Regulation
- Physiology
Background:
- Cerebral energy supply is crucial for brain function, with hypoglycemia impairing it.
- Two theories exist: Selfish-Brain (active demand) vs. gluco-lipostatic (passive supply).
- Experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) provides a test case for these theories.
Approach:
- A systematic review of 18 studies (13 evaluable) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
- The review analyzed data from experimental T1DM to test competing theories on cerebral energy regulation.
- PROSPERO registration (CRD42020156816) ensured methodological rigor.
Key Points:
- Diabetic groups showed a +294% increase in blood glucose compared to controls.
- Brain mass (energy) in diabetic groups decreased by only -4%, significantly less than blood changes.
- Blood glucose changes were an order of magnitude greater than brain energy changes (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Findings support the Selfish-Brain theory, indicating the brain actively regulates its energy supply.
- Results contradict gluco-lipostatic theories, which predict passive brain energy supply.
- This study reinforces the brain's independent energy regulation and primary role in metabolism.
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