Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

6.0K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
6.0K
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

656
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
656
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

518
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
518
Hearing01:31

Hearing

53.8K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
53.8K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

355
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
355
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

4.8K
The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...
4.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distinguishing expectation and attention effects in processing temporal patterns of visual input.

Brain and cognition·2024
Same author

Lower frequency range of auditory input facilitates stream segregation in older adults.

Hearing research·2024
Same author

Sound category habituation requires task-relevant attention.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2023
Same author

Acute and Longer-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Auditory and Vestibular Symptoms.

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·2023
Same author

Language Disorders Research on Bilingualism, School-Age, and Related Difficulties: A Scoping Review of Descriptive Studies.

Academic pediatrics·2021
Same author

The role of attention and explicit knowledge in perceiving bistable auditory input.

Psychophysiology·2021
Same journal

Role of AQP4 in ameliorating heat stress-induced cellular injury in a cell line model through active heat acclimation.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Correction: Cognitive state monitoring for neuroadaptive information visualization.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The synthetic self-hypothesis: dopaminergic redirection through self-face recognition in stuttering therapy.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same journal

A randomised, placebo-controlled, triple-blind clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> extract EGb 761<sup>®</sup> in cognitive impairment associated with post COVID-19 syndrome-the EGb COCOS protocol.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Examining the independent and combined effects of autistic and ADHD traits on multisensory integration.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Prediction of hormone receptor status in breast cancer brain metastases using an MRI-based multimodal deep learning framework.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

14.8K

The Brain Tracks Multiple Predictions About the Auditory Scene.

Kelin M Brace1, Elyse S Sussman1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|November 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain automatically tracks multiple rhythmic patterns in sound, even when not the focus of attention. This allows for rapid detection of unexpected changes in complex auditory environments.

Keywords:
auditory attentionevent-related potentials (ERPs)mismatch negativity (MMN)neural entrainmentpattern detectiontask switching

More Related Videos

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.1K
A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

14.8K
Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.1K
A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Rhythmic structures in sound, like speech and music, are crucial for human auditory perception.
  • Understanding how the brain processes multiple simultaneous rhythmic patterns is key to deciphering auditory scene analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the auditory system maintains rhythmic predictions when faced with multiple, simultaneous perceptual interpretations.
  • To examine the neural processing of attended versus unattended rhythmic patterns and their deviations.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were used to measure brain activity.
  • Participants performed auditory tasks focusing on either intensity or duration patterns, or a visual task ignoring sounds.
  • Stimuli included predictable tone sequences with predictable rhythmic variations in duration and intensity.

Main Results:

  • Neural entrainment to attended rhythmic patterns showed similar power to unattended patterns.
  • Infrequent pattern deviations elicited the mismatch negativity (MMN) component.
  • MMN amplitude for attended and unattended deviants was comparable, suggesting automatic processing.

Conclusions:

  • The brain actively tracks multiple predictions within complex sound streams.
  • Automatic detection of deviations from these predictions occurs even for unattended patterns.
  • This capability supports rapid attention switching in busy auditory environments.