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Related Experiment Videos

Bladder cancer, drinking water source, and tap water consumption: a case-control study.

K P Cantor1, R Hoover, P Hartge

  • 1Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute
|December 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

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Drinking tap water, especially chlorinated surface water, is linked to increased bladder cancer risk. Long-term exposure, particularly for women and non-smokers, significantly elevates this risk, consistent with disinfection by-products.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Bladder cancer is a significant public health concern.
  • Previous studies suggested a potential link between drinking water contaminants and cancer risk.
  • Disinfection by-products in treated water are known to have genotoxic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between bladder cancer risk and beverage intake, specifically tap water.
  • To examine the influence of water source (chlorinated surface water vs. non-chlorinated groundwater) and duration of exposure.
  • To assess risk gradients across different levels of tap water consumption.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case-control study involving 2,116 men and 689 women with incident bladder cancer and their controls.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Detailed lifetime residential histories linked with historical water utility data to establish water source and treatment profiles.
  • Statistical analysis to estimate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) for bladder cancer risk based on beverage intake and water exposure.

    • Main Results:

    • Bladder cancer risk increased with higher consumption of beverages made with tap water (OR=1.43 for highest vs. lowest quintile).
    • This risk gradient was significant for individuals with at least 40 years of exposure to chlorinated surface water.
    • Long-term exposure (≥60 years) to chlorinated surface water showed a substantially elevated risk, especially among women and non-smokers (OR=3.1 for non-smokers with ≥60 years exposure).

    Conclusions:

    • Tap water consumption, particularly from chlorinated surface water sources, is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer.
    • The duration of exposure to chlorinated surface water is a critical factor, with longer exposure correlating with higher risk.
    • Findings support the hypothesis that genotoxic disinfection by-products in treated surface water contribute to bladder cancer development.