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Immunological aspects of chronic asthma
1Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
New England and Regional Allergy Proceedings
|September 1, 1987
Summary
Chronic asthma involves inflammation, evidenced by leucocyte activation and neutrophil activity. Corticosteroids improve lung function by suppressing this inflammation, though some patients exhibit corticosteroid resistance due to monocyte defects.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pulmonology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Chronic asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, leading to obstruction.
- Leucocyte activation and elevated neutrophil chemotactic activity indicate an inflammatory process in asthma patients.
- Corticosteroids are primary anti-inflammatory agents, potentially acting via phospholipase A2 inhibition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the inflammatory mechanisms in chronic asthma.
- To explore the role of leucocyte activation and corticosteroid efficacy.
- To identify potential cellular defects in corticosteroid-resistant asthma.
Main Methods:
- Demonstration of leucocyte activation in peripheral blood.
- Measurement of neutrophil chemotactic activity.
- Assessment of lung function in response to corticosteroids.
Main Results:
- Leucocyte activation and neutrophil chemotactic activity were observed in chronic asthma patients.
- Corticosteroid treatment suppressed leucocyte activation, correlating with improved lung function.
- A subset of chronic asthmatics displayed resistance to corticosteroids, possibly linked to monocyte dysfunction.
Conclusions:
- Bronchial inflammation is a key factor in asthma-related airways obstruction.
- Corticosteroids' anti-inflammatory effects are crucial for managing asthma.
- Monocytes may play a central role in the pathogenesis of corticosteroid-resistant asthma.