Assistive technology: autonomous wheelchair in obstacle-ridden environment

The benefits for the advancement and enhancement of assistive technology are manifold. However, improving accessibility for persons with disabilities (PWD) to ensure their social and economic inclusion makes up one of the major ones in recent times. This paper presents a set of new nonlinear time-invariant stabilizing controllers for safe navigation of an autonomous nonholonomic rear-wheel drive wheelchair. Autonomous wheelchairs belong to the category of assistive technology, which is most sought in current times due to its usefulness, especially to the less abled (physically and/or cognitively), hence helping create an inclusive society. The wheelchair navigates in an obstacle-ridden environment from its start to final configuration, maintaining a robust obstacle avoidance scheme and observing system restrictions and dynamics. The velocity-based controllers are extracted from a Lyapunov function, the total potentials designed using the Lyapunov based Control Scheme (LbCS) falling under the classical approach of the artificial potential field method. The interplay of the three central pillars of LbCS, which are safety, shortness, and smoothest course for motion planning, results in cost and time effectiveness and the velocity controllers' efficiency. Using the Direct Method of Lyapunov, the stability of the wheelchair system has been proved. Finally, computer simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the set of new controllers.