The monoploid chromosome complement of reconstructed ancestral genomes in a phylogeny

Using RACCROCHE, a method for reconstructing gene content and order of ancestral chromosomes from a phylogeny of extant genomes represented by the gene orders on their chromosomes, we study the evolution of three orders of woody plants. The method retrieves the monoploid complement of each Ancestor in a phylogeny, consisting a complete set of distinct chromosomes, despite some of the extant genomes being recently or historically polyploidized. The three orders are the Sapindales, the Fagales and the Malvales. All of these are independently estimated to have ancestral monoploid number [Formula: see text].