Evaluation of the Waggoner computerized D15 color vision test using an iPad device

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Optometry
• Vision Science

Background:

• Assessing color vision is crucial for tasks requiring accurate color discrimination.
• Traditional color vision tests like the F-D15 have limitations in standardization and accessibility.
• Digital adaptations of color vision tests offer potential for improved usability and consistency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the performance and reliability of the Waggoner-15 (W-D15) computerized color vision test.
• To assess the suitability of the W-D15 test when administered via an iPad.
• To determine the agreement between the W-D15 test and the standard F-D15 test for identifying color vision defects.

Main Methods:

• The W-D15 test was administered to 59 color-normal and 61 color vision defect participants using an iPad.
• Participants underwent initial screening using established tests: Ishihara, City University Test, and Waggoner PIP24.
• Various failure criteria for D15 tests were analyzed to compare pass/fail rates between W-D15 and F-D15.

Main Results:

• The W-D15 test demonstrated a high degree of pass/failure agreement with the F-D15 test.
• A kappa (κ) coefficient of ≥0.8 was achieved across all considered failure criteria, indicating substantial agreement.
• The iPad-based W-D15 test proved effective in differentiating between color-normal and color vision defect individuals.

Conclusions:

• The computerized W-D15 test, when implemented on an iPad, is a reliable tool for color vision assessment.
• The W-D15 test can serve as an appropriate and potentially more accessible substitute for the F-D15 test.
• This digital approach facilitates safe evaluation of individuals for color-related tasks.