Adaptive method for estimating information from a polarized skylight

The acquisition and processing of skylight polarization information forms the cornerstone in modern navigation systems that are developed by imitating certain biological mechanisms. The accuracy of skylight polarization mode information plays a major part in improving the accuracy of polarized light navigation. This paper mainly focuses on developing a methodology that can avoid the error caused by the inaccurate rotation of the polarizer and manual readings from non-electrical equipment, when the time-sequence polarization measurement system is used to obtain the skylight polarization mode information. We propose an adaptive algorithm that can obtain the pictures of angle of polarization and degree of polarization with sets of random rotation angles with no need for precise readings for the rotation angle of the polarizer. By allocating initial random values to rotation angles, a simple iterative estimation method like the Gaussian-Newton method can be used to converge calculated angle of polarization and degree of polarization values to their respective real values. The experiment results show that the proposed method can be used to estimate polarization information with high accuracy and universality under various experiment settings including both sunny and cloudy weathers. Meanwhile, the time efficiency of the proposed method is comparable to traditional methods.