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Optical diffractive deep neural network-based orbital angular momentum mode add-drop multiplexer.

Wenjie Xiong, Zebin Huang, Peipei Wang

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    A novel optical diffractive deep neural network (ODNN) enables efficient orbital angular momentum (OAM) add-drop multiplexing for communication. This technology overcomes limitations in selective coupling and separation, paving the way for advanced optical interconnects.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical physics
    • Photonics
    • Machine learning applications

    Background:

    • Vortex beams, characterized by orthogonal orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, offer potential for multiplexing in optical communication systems.
    • Current OAM add-drop multiplexing (OADM) technologies face challenges due to limitations in mode-selective coupling and separation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel OADM using an optical diffractive deep neural network (ODNN).
    • To overcome the limitations of conventional OADM devices by enabling selective coupling and separation of OAM modes.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a five-layer ODNN leveraging deep neural network data-fitting and multilayer diffraction screens for light-field manipulation.
    • Simulation and experimental validation of the ODNN's capability to manipulate the spatial location of vortex beams for selective OAM mode coupling and separation.

    Main Results:

    • Simulated diffraction efficiency and mode purity exceeded 95% for the ODNN.
    • Successful demonstration of downloading and uploading four OAM channels with 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation signals.
    • Achieved low optical signal-to-noise ratio penalties of approximately 1 dB at a bit error rate of 3.8 × 10-3.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed ODNN-based OADM offers a flexible and efficient solution for OAM multiplexing.
    • This approach surpasses the functional constraints and inflexibility of traditional OADM devices.
    • Presents new opportunities for advancing OAM multiplexing and all-optical interconnection technologies.