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Tunable quantum-cascade VECSEL operating at 1.9 THz.

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    We developed a terahertz quantum-cascade vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (QC-VECSEL) with tunable frequency. This device operates up to 102 K, offering a high-quality beam for terahertz applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Solid-State Physics
    • Terahertz Technology

    Background:

    • Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers emitting in the infrared and terahertz (THz) ranges.
    • Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) offer advantages in beam quality and tunability compared to edge-emitting lasers.
    • Integrating QCLs with VECSEL architectures (QC-VECSELs) is a promising approach for high-power, tunable THz sources.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel terahertz quantum-cascade vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (QC-VECSEL).
    • To investigate the frequency tuning capabilities and operational characteristics of the QC-VECSEL.
    • To identify limitations and challenges for future development of QC-VECSELs at higher frequencies.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a quantum cascade gain medium designed for THz emission.
    • Integration of the quantum cascade gain medium into a vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser setup.
    • Characterization of the device's lasing performance, including emission frequency, output power, slope efficiency, and frequency tuning range.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved lasing operation around 1.9 THz from the QC-VECSEL.
    • Demonstrated continuous fractional frequency tuning of a single laser mode up to 10%.
    • Observed pulsed mode operation up to 102 K with a maximum output power of 37 mW and a slope efficiency of 295 mW/A at 77 K.
    • Characterized the emitted beam as high-quality.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed QC-VECSEL is a viable source for tunable THz radiation.
    • The device exhibits promising performance metrics, including significant frequency tunability and good output power at cryogenic temperatures.
    • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in up-scaling the operating wavelength for QC metasurface VECSELs.