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Evaluating upper lip changes during smiling and at rest in Indian population
Sagar Dahiya1, Gunjan Negi2, Kirti Dahiya3
1Dental Officer and Orthodontist, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Army Dental Corps., Tezpur, Assam, India.
Summary
Smile aesthetics are influenced by upper lip changes with age and gender. This study quantifies these changes, revealing distinct smile patterns in males and females that evolve horizontally over time.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Aesthetic Dentistry
Background:
- Smile aesthetics are crucial post-orthodontic treatment.
- Orthodontic retainers maintain occlusion and soft tissue function.
- Understanding age-related smile changes enhances treatment stability and aesthetics.
Purpose of the Study:
- Quantify upper lip vertical dimension changes at repose and smile.
- Evaluate smile index and upper lip changes with age and sex in Indian subjects.
Main Methods:
- Observational study involving 160 Indian volunteers (80 males, 80 females).
- Subjects divided into 4 age groups and 2 gender sub-groups.
- Thirteen direct measurements of relaxed and smiling upper lips recorded.
Main Results:
- Significant age and gender variations observed in smile index, upper lip elevation, and smile patterns.
- Statistically significant differences found between age and gender groups.
Conclusions:
- Females exhibit high smile patterns with more vertical smiles; males show low smile patterns.
- Smiles tend to become more horizontal with increasing age in both genders.
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