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Related Concept Videos

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Spot Variation Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Analysis of Molecular Diffusion at the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells
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Spot Variation Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Analysis of Molecular Diffusion at the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells

Published on: November 12, 2020

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Correlated diffusion in lipid bilayers.

Rafael L Schoch1, Frank L H Brown2,3, Gilad Haran1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; rafael.schoch@weizmann.ac.il flbrown@ucsb.edu gilad.haran@weizmann.ac.il.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Correlations in lipid membrane motion were measured using dual-color tracking. Findings support an extended Saffman-Delbrück model accounting for bilayer structure, challenging previous interpretations of membrane hydrodynamics.

Keywords:
Saffman–Delbrück modelmembrane hydrodynamicssingle-molecule tracking

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Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
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Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer
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Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Spot Variation Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Analysis of Molecular Diffusion at the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells
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Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
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Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer
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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Lipid membranes are crucial biological fluids with unique properties.
  • Recent single-molecule tracking studies have questioned the Saffman-Delbrück model of membrane hydrodynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hydrodynamic correlations in lipid membranes using advanced tracking techniques.
  • To resolve discrepancies in current understanding of membrane fluid dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Employed dual-color molecular tracking with submillisecond and submicron resolution.
  • Measured correlations in the Brownian motion of pairs of fluorescently labeled lipids.

Main Results:

  • Observed long-range hydrodynamic correlations (hundreds of nanometers) in free-floating bilayers.
  • Found significantly suppressed correlations in supported lipid bilayers.

Conclusions:

  • Results align with an extended Saffman-Delbrück theory incorporating bilayer structure.
  • This study provides a more refined understanding of lipid membrane hydrodynamics.