Astaxanthin: A super antioxidant from microalgae and its therapeutic potential

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry and Nutraceuticals
• Microalgal Biotechnology
• Cosmeceuticals and Therapeutics

Background:

• Astaxanthin is a powerful ketocarotenoid antioxidant with superior activity compared to other carotenoids.
• It finds diverse applications in cosmetics, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals.
• Natural astaxanthin, primarily from Haematococcus pluvialis, demonstrates greater efficacy in reducing oxidative stress than synthetic forms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review astaxanthin's structure, chemistry, bioavailability, and production technologies.
• To elucidate the mechanisms behind astaxanthin's potential roles in cardiovascular health, skin protection, diabetes, and cancer.
• To explore its use as a cosmetic ingredient, natural food colorant, and feed supplement.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of astaxanthin's properties and applications.
• Analysis of current production methods, including one-stage and two-stage processes.
• Examination of scientific evidence supporting astaxanthin's therapeutic and nutraceutical potential.

Main Results:

• Natural astaxanthin exhibits significant antioxidant and free-radical scavenging properties.
• Potential benefits include cardiovascular disease prevention, skin health improvement, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer effects.
• It serves as a natural colorant and a valuable feed supplement in aquaculture and poultry.

Conclusions:

• Astaxanthin is a high-value microalgae product with substantial future potential.
• Further research is needed to address long-term consumption risks and reduce production costs.
• Increasing the availability of cost-effective natural astaxanthin is crucial for broader industry adoption.