Effect of the Mediterranean diet on gingivitis: A randomized controlled trial

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Periodontology
• Public Health

Background:

• Gingivitis is a common inflammatory condition affecting periodontal health.
• Dietary interventions are increasingly explored for their potential systemic and local health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of a 6-week Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention on gingival inflammation and anthropometric parameters in patients diagnosed with gingivitis.

Main Methods:

• Forty-two participants with gingivitis were randomized into a Mediterranean diet group (MDG) or a control group (CG).
• The MDG followed a 6-week MD intervention with dietary counseling, while the CG maintained usual dental care.
• Gingival and anthropometric parameters were measured at baseline, week 2, and week 8. Adherence was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS).

Main Results:

• The MDG showed significant reductions in gingival index and bleeding on probing compared to the CG.
• Anthropometric measurements in the MDG, including body weight and waist circumference, also decreased significantly (p < .05).
• Plaque levels remained unchanged in both groups, indicating the diet's specific effect on inflammation, not plaque accumulation.

Conclusions:

• A 6-week Mediterranean diet intervention effectively reduces gingival inflammation and improves key anthropometric indicators in patients with gingivitis.
• Dietary counseling is crucial for ensuring adherence to the Mediterranean diet, leading to positive health outcomes such as weight loss.
• The Mediterranean diet shows promise as a complementary approach in managing gingivitis.