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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs

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Published on: August 27, 2019

Energetic Intracloud Lightning in the RELAMPAGO Field Campaign.

A L Antunes de Sá¹, R Marshall¹, W Deierling^1,2

¹Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA.

Earth and Space Science (Hoboken, N.J.)

|November 25, 2021

Summary

This study introduces a new dataset of compact intracloud lightning discharges (CIDs) from the RELAMPAGO field campaign. Analysis reveals CID properties and prevalence in subtropical storms, aiding lightning research.

Keywords:

Compact Intra‐Cloud Discharges (CID)Energetic In‐Cloud Pulses (EIP)Low‐Frequency RELAMPAGO energetic intracloud lightning lightning classification

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Area of Science:

Atmospheric Science
Electromagnetism
Remote Sensing

Background:

Lightning remote sensing offers diverse observations of lightning types, each with unique contexts and emissions.
Energetic intracloud (EIC) lightning discharges, including compact intracloud lightning discharges (CIDs) and energetic intracloud pulses (EIPs), exhibit intense radio frequency radiation, indicating substantial intracloud currents and distinct formation mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the creation of a Low-Frequency (LF) CID dataset from the RELAMPAGO field campaign.
To conduct a preliminary analysis of CID prevalence and properties within subtropical convective storms.
To investigate the feasibility of classifying EICs using LF data, focusing on CID classification.

Main Methods:

Deployment of an LF lightning remote sensing instrument array during the RELAMPAGO field campaign in Argentina.
Classification of EICs using geolocated lightning events and observed waveforms from the LF dataset.
Computation of height estimates using skywave reflections and prefit residual data editing for outlier robustness.

Main Results:

A comprehensive LF-CID dataset was produced from the RELAMPAGO campaign.
Classification of CIDs (both positive and negative polarity) was found to be straightforward.
Preliminary analysis showed high variability in CID prevalence across different storm types, including high-altitude positive CIDs potentially associated with overshooting tops.

Conclusions:

The RELAMPAGO LF data provides a valuable resource for studying EICs in subtropical convective storms.
Automatic classification of EIPs may be challenging with the current dataset due to limited high-peak current events and receiver saturation.
The study successfully characterized CIDs and observed their variable prevalence, offering insights into lightning processes in severe weather.