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Recent Advances in Electrical Impedance Sensing Technology for Single-Cell Analysis.

Zhao Zhang1, Xiaowen Huang2, Ke Liu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China.

Biosensors
|November 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Electrical impedance sensing offers a rapid, non-invasive method to analyze single cells. This technology measures electrical properties, providing insights into cell characteristics for various life science applications.

Keywords:
electrical impedance spectroscopyimpedance flow cytometrymicrofluidicssingle cell analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Cellular heterogeneity is crucial in life science, biomedicine, and clinical diagnostics.
  • Electrical impedance sensing provides a label-free, non-invasive method for acquiring single-cell electrical parameters.
  • These parameters (resistance, capacitance, conductivity) correlate with cell biophysical properties and activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles, models, and designs of single-cell impedance sensing devices.
  • To present recent advances in electrical impedance sensing systems for cell analysis.
  • To discuss the future prospects of impedance sensing in single-cell analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of impedance flow cytometry (IFC) for flow-through single cells.
  • Review of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for immobilized single cells.
  • Summarization of applications in cell recognition, counting, viability, and screening.

Main Results:

  • Electrical impedance sensing enables rapid, non-invasive, label-free acquisition of single-cell electrical parameters.
  • These parameters reflect cell size, morphology, membrane integrity, growth state, and proliferation.
  • Diverse applications include cell recognition, counting, viability assays, phenotypic analysis, and cell screening.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell impedance sensing is a powerful tool for understanding cellular heterogeneity.
  • The technology offers label-free, non-invasive analysis with broad applications in life sciences.
  • Future prospects are promising for advanced single-cell analysis and diagnostics.