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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

959
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
959
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

748
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

886
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
886
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

887
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
887

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

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Blue-Yellow VEP with Projector-Stimulation in Glaucoma.

Laura Dussan Molinos1, Cord Huchzermeyer1, Robert Lämmer1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and University Eye Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.

Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|November 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blue-on-yellow visually evoked potentials (BY-VEPs) detected early glaucoma using a novel video projector setup. This method offers high diagnostic value for identifying glaucoma, correlating with disease severity.

Keywords:
Blue–yellow VEPGlaucomaOnset–offset VEPProjector-stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Blue-on-yellow visually evoked potentials (BY-VEPs) are sensitive biomarkers for early glaucoma, originating in the koniocellular pathway.
  • Traditional setups using optical benches are complex; computer screens lack necessary resolution for accurate BY-VEP measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic value of a novel, commercially available video projector setup for BY-VEP measurements.
  • To assess the feasibility of using video projectors for sophisticated electrophysiological measurements in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • BY-VEPs were recorded in 126 participants, including healthy controls and glaucoma patients.
  • A video projector generated blue checkerboard stimuli on a yellow background to isolate S-cone responses.
  • Age-corrected N-peak and P-peak times were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • BY-VEP results from the video projector closely matched those from optical bench setups.
  • N-peak times were significantly increased in glaucoma patients compared to controls.
  • Increased N-peak times correlated significantly with glaucoma severity and retinal nerve fiber thinning.

Conclusions:

  • Video projectors provide the necessary temporal and spatial resolution for high-quality electrophysiological measurements.
  • BY-VEPs generated by a video projector setup demonstrate high diagnostic value for early glaucoma detection.
  • This novel setup facilitates advanced electrophysiological assessments in clinical practice.