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Filtration00:53

Filtration

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Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...
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In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
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Bioremediation00:46

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UV-filter pollution: current concerns and future prospects.

L L R de Miranda1, K E Harvey1, A Ahmed1

  • 1Biomolecular Research Group, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

UV-filters in sunscreens and industrial products contaminate aquatic environments, impacting marine life. Research is ongoing to understand these effects and develop eco-friendly alternatives for UV protection.

Keywords:
EcotoxicologyEndocrine-disrupting chemicalMicroplasticsOxybenzoneUV-filter

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • UV-filters are integral to sunscreens, personal care, and industrial products for UV protection.
  • Global usage of UV-filter-containing products is substantial and increasing, leading to environmental release.
  • UV-filters enter aquatic ecosystems through various pathways, posing potential risks to marine organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the environmental entry routes of UV-filters.
  • To summarize recent findings on UV-filter effects on aquatic species.
  • To discuss human health safety, removal challenges, and alternative UV-filter development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published in the past 10 years.
  • Analysis of UV-filter pathways into aquatic environments.
  • Synthesis of ecotoxicological data for key marine species.

Main Results:

  • UV-filters are detected in aquatic environments globally due to widespread use.
  • Studies indicate potential adverse effects of UV-filters on corals, microalgae, fish, and marine mammals.
  • Human health safety data and challenges in UV-filter removal are also considered.

Conclusions:

  • UV-filters pose risks to aquatic ecosystems, necessitating further research and monitoring.
  • Development of environmentally benign UV-filters is crucial for sustainable product formulation.
  • Effective removal strategies and safer alternatives are needed to mitigate environmental impact.