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Cattle manure compost humification process by inoculation ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.

Zhiming Xu1, Ronghua Li2, Shenghui Wu1

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.

Bioresource Technology
|November 25, 2021
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Summary

Newly isolated ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOBs) significantly enhance cattle manure compost humification. The MT-AOB-2-4 strain notably boosted humic substances and organic matter decomposition efficiency.

Keywords:
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteriaCattle manureCompostHumic substanceHumificationOrganic matter degradation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Soil Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Composting cattle manure is crucial for nutrient recycling and waste management.
  • Humification, the process of forming stable humic substances, is key to compost quality.
  • Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOBs) play a role in nitrogen cycling during composting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of novel ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOBs) in improving organic matter degradation and humification of cattle manure compost.
  • To identify specific AOB strains that promote efficient composting and humic substance formation.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and inoculation of three novel AOB strains (T-AOB-2, M-AOB-4, MT-AOB-2-4) into cattle manure compost at 5% (v/w).
  • Analysis of total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), humic substances (CEX), humic acid (CHA), and fulvic acid (CFA).
  • High-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to assess bacterial community structure and gene abundance (amoA, nirS).

Main Results:

  • AOB inoculation generally promoted humification compared to the control.
  • The MT-AOB-2-4 strain demonstrated the most significant effect, resulting in the lowest TOC (19.13%) and DOC (2.61%).
  • MT-AOB-2-4 inoculation led to increased humic substances (CEX: 89.84 g/kg, CHA: 85.20 g/kg) and decreased fulvic acid (CFA: 4.63 g/kg).
  • Bacterial abundance, including Bacillaceae, amoA, and nirS, showed a significant correlation with humification indicators.
  • Enhanced bacterial activity by MT-AOB-2-4 was identified as the driving force for improved composting and humic substance formation.

Conclusions:

  • Novel AOB strains, particularly MT-AOB-2-4, are effective bio-inoculants for enhancing organic matter decomposition and humification in cattle manure compost.
  • The study highlights the potential of specific AOBs to accelerate composting, improve compost quality, and increase humic substance content.
  • Bacterial community dynamics and specific gene markers (amoA, nirS) are closely linked to the efficiency of the humification process.