[Gender differences in cardiovascular risk factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction in China]
1Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medial Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Insights
Gender differences in cardiovascular risk factors exist among Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Women have higher rates of hypertension and diabetes, while men show higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, unhealthy diets, and smoking.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a significant cardiovascular event with varying risk factor profiles.
- Understanding gender-specific risk factors is crucial for targeted prevention and treatment strategies in AMI patients.
- Previous research has indicated potential gender disparities in cardiovascular disease, but data from China requires specific analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and delineate the gender differences in various cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction.
- To identify specific risk factors that are more prevalent in either male or female AMI patient populations within China.
Main Methods:
- A large-scale study involving 26,592 patients with AMI from 107 hospitals across 31 Chinese provinces.
- Data collected via questionnaire included demographics, medical history, lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, etc.).
- Statistical analysis was performed on 24,394 patients with complete data to compare risk factor prevalence between genders, including subgroup analyses.
Main Results:
- Male patients were younger (60.2 years) than female patients (68.2 years) at the time of AMI.
- Men had higher rates of overweight/obesity (51.8% vs 45.9%), smoking (55.2% vs 9.9%), fatty diet (80.4% vs 65.0%), and dyslipidemia (7.2% vs 5.8%).
- Women exhibited higher proportions of hypertension (61.4% vs 46.5%) and diabetes (24.8% vs 17.2%).
Conclusions:
- Significant gender-based differences in cardiovascular risk factors are present in Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction.
- Hypertension and diabetes are more prevalent in female AMI patients.
- Overweight/obesity, unhealthy dietary habits, and smoking are more common among male AMI patients.
Abstract:
Objective: To understand gender differences of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China. Methods: A total of 26 592 patients with AMI from 107 hospitals in 31 provinces in China from January 1, 2013 to September 30, 2014 were included. Self-designed questionnaire was used to collect patients' age, gender, height, weight, type of AMI, medical history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, medication history, lifestyle and AMI risk factors, including high blood pressure, diabetes, dyslipidemia, overweight and/or obesity, smoking history and family history of early onset coronary artery disease. A total of 24 394 patients with complete clinical data were included in the analysis, and gender differences in cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed in all and subgroups with different characteristics. Results: The patients were (62.2±13.8) years old, including 18 162 (74.5%) males and 18 209 (74.6%) ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The age of male patients was (60.2±13.7) years, which was younger than that of female patients [(68.2±12.3) years]. The body mass index of male patients was (24.2±3.0) kg/m2, which was higher than that of female patients [(23.8±3.4) kg/m2]. The proportions of patients with overweight and/or obesity, smoking history, dyslipidemia, family history of early onset coronary heart disease, fatty diet and history of AMI were 51.8%, 55.2%, 7.2%, 3.8%, 80.4% and 7.7%, which were higher than those of females (45.9%, 9.9%, 5.8%, 2.3%, 65.0% and 5.9%, respectively]. The proportions of hypertension, diabetes, physical inactivity and stroke history were 46.5%, 17.2%, 77.8% and 8.5%, respectively, which were lower than those in female patients [61.4% (3 829 cases), 24.8%, 81.7% and 11.1%, respectively] (all P values<0.05).The proportions of peripheral vascular diseases history in male and female patients were 0.6% and 0.7%, respectively, with no statistical significance in difference (P>0.05). Subgroup analysis showed inconsistent results comparing to analysis of all patients: there were no statistical significance in gender differences as for the proportion of dyslipidemia in the non-ST-segment elevation MI group, the proportion of family history of early onset coronary heart disease in the young and middle aged groups, the proportion of overweight and/or obesity, and the proportion of physical inactivity in the elderly group (all P values>0.05). Conclusions: There are gender differences in cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction. Hypertension and diabetes are more common in women, and overweight and/or obesity, fatty diet and smoking are more common in men.
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Initial Enquiry
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Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
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