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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

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Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines01:19

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

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Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Fish Sedation and Anesthesia.

Claire Vergneau-Grosset1, Inga-Catalina Cruz Benedetti2

  • 1Service de Médecine Zoologique, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada; Aquarium du Québec, 1675 Av. des Hôtels, Québec, QC G1W 4S3, Canada.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice
|November 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Veterinary sedation and anesthesia are crucial for fish diagnostics and transport. This review covers ornamental fish anesthesia and techniques for commercial and field applications, highlighting challenges in anesthetic monitoring.

Keywords:
AnesthesiaElasmobranchsImmobilizationNociceptionSedationTeleosts

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Aquatic Animal Health
  • Fish Anesthesia

Background:

  • Fish require sedation or anesthesia for veterinary procedures like examinations and transport.
  • Painful procedures necessitate full anesthesia with analgesia.
  • Regulatory considerations and withdrawal times are critical for food fish species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current anesthesia protocols for ornamental fish.
  • To discuss anesthesia techniques used in commercial fish farming and field settings.
  • To highlight challenges in monitoring fish anesthesia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on fish anesthesia.
  • Synthesis of information on sedation and anesthesia techniques.
  • Discussion of species-specific and application-specific considerations.

Main Results:

  • Anesthesia protocols vary significantly between ornamental, commercial, and wild fish.
  • Tonic immobility and electroanesthesia are unsuitable for painful procedures.
  • Effective anesthetic monitoring in fish remains a significant challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Appropriate anesthetic protocols are essential for fish welfare and veterinary care.
  • Further research is needed to improve anesthetic monitoring techniques in fish.
  • Differentiated approaches are required for ornamental versus food fish species.