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Reproductive Surgery in Rabbits, Rodents, and Ferrets.

Sheyla Dominguez1, Vicente Soler2, Laura Vilalta3

  • 1Department of Exotic Animal, Exovet - Exotic Veterinary Hospital, Ngau Tau Kok, Hong Kong.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
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This review details reproductive surgeries for small mammals like rabbits, rodents, and ferrets, covering techniques for ovariectomy, orchiectomy, and gland disorders to improve surgical outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Surgery
  • Small Mammal Medicine
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Reproductive surgery is frequently performed in small mammals for elective and therapeutic reasons.
  • A thorough understanding of species-specific reproductive anatomy is crucial for successful surgical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of reproductive surgical techniques in rabbits, rodents, and ferrets.
  • To offer practical guidance on ovariectomy, ovariohysterectomy, hysterotomy, orchiectomy, and management of accessory and mammary gland disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on small mammal reproductive surgery.
  • Description of various surgical approaches, detailing their advantages and disadvantages.
  • Emphasis on species-specific anatomical considerations and pathological conditions.
Keywords:
Accessory glandsMastectomyOrchiectomyOvariectomyOvariohysterectomySmall mammals

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Main Results:

  • Detailed guidance on performing key reproductive surgeries across common small mammal species.
  • Outlined are techniques for managing disorders of accessory sexual glands and mammary glands.
  • Key considerations for patient preparation, tissue handling, and surgical approach selection are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Effective reproductive surgery in small mammals requires knowledge of species-specific anatomy and pathology.
  • Minimizing postoperative complications such as pain, gastrointestinal stasis, infection, and herniation is paramount.
  • This review serves as a practical resource for veterinarians managing reproductive surgical cases in rabbits, rodents, and ferrets.