Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

Stages of General Anesthesia

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ophthalmic Parameters and Ophthalmoscopy of Burrowing Owls (<i>Athene cunicularia</i>).

Journal of avian medicine and surgery·2022

Same author

Myoclonus and hypersensitivity of the hind limbs and tail with urinary retention following neuraxial administration of morphine in a cat.

The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne·2021

Same author

On-site management of medical encounters during obstacle adventure course participation.

Current sports medicine reports·2015

Same author

An analysis of patient presentations at a 2-day mass-participation cycling event: the Ride to Conquer Cancer Case Series, 2010-2012.

Prehospital and disaster medicine·2014

Same author

An organized medical response for the Vancouver International Marathon (2006-2011): when the rubber hits the road.

Current sports medicine reports·2014

Same author

Photodocumentation as an emergency department documentation tool in soft tissue infection: a randomized trial.

CJEM·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

Sedation and Anesthesia in Rodents.

Katarina Bennett¹, Kerrie Lewis²

¹Avian & Exotics Service, Bluepearl Emergency and Specialty Hospital, 7414 S Tamiami Trl. Sarasota, FL 34231, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice

|November 26, 2021

Summary

Administering sedation and anesthesia to rodents is challenging due to species variation and metabolism. This review details recent advances, updated drug formulary, and essential protocols for safe rodent anesthesia and sedation.

Keywords:

Anesthesia Caviomorpha Monitoring Myomorpha Premedication Rodent Sciuromorpha Sedation

More Related Videos

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Published on: June 25, 2016

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Laboratory Animal Science
Pharmacology

Background:

Rodent sedation and anesthesia present unique challenges owing to species-specific physiological variations, small body size, and distinct metabolic rates.
Effective anesthetic and sedative protocols are crucial for ethical animal research and successful experimental outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in sedation and anesthesia techniques applicable to diverse rodent species.
To provide an updated drug formulary and comprehensive guidelines for sedation protocols in rodents.
To consolidate information on setup, equipment, monitoring, maintenance, and recovery phases of rodent anesthesia.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of recent scientific publications on rodent sedation and anesthesia.
Analysis of current drug formularies and anesthetic agents used in rodent models.
Synthesis of best practices for anesthetic and sedative procedures, including species-specific anatomical considerations.

Main Results:

Identification of emerging trends and novel agents in rodent anesthesia and sedation.
Compilation of an updated drug formulary with recommended dosages and considerations for various rodent species.
Detailed review of critical aspects including pre-anesthetic preparation, intra-anesthetic monitoring, and post-anesthetic recovery.

Conclusions:

Optimized sedation and anesthesia protocols are essential for rodent welfare and research integrity.
This review offers a valuable resource for researchers and veterinarians seeking to improve anesthetic and sedative practices in rodents.
Understanding species-specific nuances and utilizing updated drug information are key to successful rodent anesthesia.