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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

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Infections in systemic autoimmune diseases.

Reumatologia clinica·2020
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Infections in systemic autoimmune diseases.

Sandra Andrea Consani Fernández1, Carolina Laura Díaz Cuña2, Lucia Fernández Rey3

  • 1Profesora adjunta de Clínica Médica «3», Hospital Maciel, Udelar, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Reumatologia Clinica
|November 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Infections are common in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD), particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Treatments like corticosteroids and biologics increase infection risk, highlighting the need for prophylaxis.

Keywords:
Enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicasImmunosuppressive treatmentInfeccionesInfectionsSystemic autoimmune diseasesTratamiento inmunosupresor

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Immunology

Background:

  • Infections pose a significant threat, causing morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD).
  • Understanding infection frequency based on disease type and treatment is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of infections in a cohort of patients with SAD.
  • To analyze infection frequency in relation to specific autoimmune diseases and their treatments.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective observational study of 339 patients with SAD treated at Maciel Hospital from 2012 to 2019.
  • Infectious complications were analyzed based on disease diagnosis and therapeutic regimens.

Main Results:

  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) were the most prevalent SAD. Hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids were common treatments.
  • 46.9% of patients experienced infectious complications, predominantly non-opportunistic respiratory, urinary, and skin infections.
  • Methotrexate, mycophenolate, corticosteroids, and biological therapies were associated with increased infection risk, while hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine showed a protective effect in RA patients.

Conclusions:

  • Infections are frequent in RA patients due to disease-related immune dysregulation and treatments like corticosteroids and biologics.
  • Proactive screening and prophylaxis are essential before initiating treatment in patients with SAD.